Dr. Kristin Horazy
Ancestors of today’s domestic cats initially served as
rodent hunters in small settlements at the dawn of agriculture. Because of their usefulness, they were
gradually assimilated into human society, unlike domestic dogs, who were
selectively bred for desirable traits by humans. Therefore, the domestication of cats hasn’t
resulted in major genetic changes, so the form and behavior of house cats is
not radically different from wild cats.
Both wild and domestic cats are solitary hunters of small prey, and as
such, have specific needs different than those of dogs. Cat owners need to be well-informed about the
behavioral idiosyncrasies of cats in order to allow outlets for their “wild
behavior” and make the indoor environment as stress-free as possible. Following are some suggestions about how to make
your home “cat friendly.”
Litter Boxes
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| An open, clean litterbox. |
When cats go to the bathroom indoors, it is important to
provide them with a positive litter box experience. A good rule of thumb is to provide one
litter box per cat PLUS ONE, so there are different options for elimination. The box should be big enough to move around
in and to avoid stepping in previous eliminations. Uncovered boxes are preferable in a multi-cat
household, so there is always a way to escape if another cat comes up to the
box.
Research has shown that most kitties prefer unscented clumping
litter (not clay). However, it is more
important to stick with whatever type of litter your cat prefers, as switching
abruptly can result in litter box aversion.
Litter boxes should be easy to access, but also provide
privacy and an escape route if needed.
They should be located away from furnaces, air ducts, or other noisy
appliances that can make sudden loud noises, which may startle your cat.
Cats are a meticulously clean species, so litter boxes
should be scooped daily! If you find the
odor of the box offensive, your cat probably does too! The boxes should be emptied out and rinsed at
least monthly. Only use warm water and
non-scented soap, as strongly-scented cleaners can be toxic or aversive.
Scratching
Scratching is natural marking behavior used by cats in the
wild to define their territory and announce their presence. Scratching also helps to shed old cuticles
and sharpen the claws. Even declawed
cats still retain the instinct to scratch.
Most cats prefer a rough material that shreds, such as
sisal, cardboard, or carpet. Some cats
prefer to scratch on horizontal surfaces (carpets, rugs), while other prefer vertical surfaces. You can experiment
to figure out what types of objects your cat most likes to scratch. There are a variety of different scratching
posts available at most pet supply stores.
Because cats scratch to mark their territory, they like to
scratch in prominent places in the house.
Make sure you place your scratching posts in areas where people or cats
tend to congregate, such as the TV room where the family spends a lot of
time. Do not try and hide the post in a
far away corner or tucked behind furniture – your cat may not want to use it.
You can train your cat to the post by placing it right next
to the area where they already like to scratch and covering the inappropriate
object with tinfoil or plastic carpet runners.
Posts that have a catnip toy built-in on top can be useful in attracting
the cat to the post. Once you have the
cat using the post consistently, you can gradually move it a few inches every
day to a suitable location.
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| Catnip can be grown in your home garden, or purchased dried at a pet store. |
Resting
Areas
Cats prefer to rest in safe, secure areas where they can get
away from other people and pets. They
also need these safe areas when they are anxious about strange people or
animals and loud noises. Therefore, it
is important to provide a refuge for
your cat – an out-of-the-way area of the house where the cat has access to its
essentials (food, water, litter box, etc).
You can place a comfy cat bed or folded towels in the area as well. It is important to not disturb your cat when
she is resting or hiding!
Perches
As mentioned above, cats like to hide when they feel anxious
or threatened. They especially like to
hide in high places, where they can get a clear view of their surroundings and
where other people and/or animals can’t get to them.
To help with this behavior, it is important that every cat
have a perch somewhere in the house where they can view action indoors or
outdoors from above. This can be as fancy
as a big store bought cat tower with multiple levels or as simple as a chair or
table in front of a window. You could
even hang a bird feeder outside the window to attract birds or squirrels to
keep your cat interested.
Toys
The ancestors of domestic cats had to hunt insects, birds,
and mice 10-20 times per day in order to survive. Our indoor cats no longer have to hunt, but
still retain the instinct to pounce and stalk.
Cats tend to like toys that mimic prey that they might hunt in the wild
– toys that squeak, dangle, or dart.
You can determine your cat’s prey preference by buying several toys that
resemble birds (toys with feathers or that are suspended in the air), mice
(furry stuffed toys), and bugs (laser toy, a string with a knot on the end).
Alternate playing with each type of toy and see which type
your cat responds to most. Once you
determine your cat’s prey preference, keep a batch of that type of toy and
rotate them a few at a time to keep things interesting.
